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//// 13 RULES TO USING APOSTROPHES /////
RULE 1. Use the apostrophe with contractions. The apostrophe is always placed at the spot where the letter(s) has been removed.
Examples: don't, isn't
You're right.
She's a great teacher.
RULE 2. Use the apostrophe to show possession. Place the apostrophe before the s to show singular possession.
Examples: one boy's hat
one woman's hat
one actress's hat
one child's hat
Ms. Chang's house
NOTE: Although names ending in s or an s sound are not required to have the second s added in possessive form, it is preferred.
Mr. Jones's golf clubs
Texas's weather
Ms. Straus's daughter
Jose Sanchez's artwork
Dr. Hastings's appointment (name is Hastings)
Mrs. Lees's books (name is Lees)
RULE 3. Use the apostrophe where the noun that should follow is implied.
Example: This was his father's, not his, jacket.
RULE 4. To show plural possession, make the noun plural first. Then immediately use the apostrophe.
Examples: two boys' hats
two women's hats
two actresses' hats
two children's hats
the Changs' house
the Joneses' golf clubs
the Strauses' daughter
the Sanchezes' artwork
the Hastingses' appointment
the Leeses' books
RULE 5. Do not use an apostrophe for the plural of a name.
Examples: We visited the Sanchezes in Los Angeles.
The Changs have two cats and a dog.
RULE 6. With a singular compound noun, show possession with 's at the end of the word.
Example: my mother-in-law's hat
RULE 7. If the compound noun is plural, form the plural first and then
use the apostrophe.
Example: my two brothers-in-law's hats
RULE 8. Use the apostrophe and s after the second name only if two people possess the same item.
Examples: Cesar and Maribel's home is constructed of redwood.
Cesar's and Maribel's job contracts will be renewed
next year.
Indicates separate ownership.
Cesar and Maribel's job contracts will be renewed next year.
Indicates joint ownership of more than one contract.
RULE 9. Never use an apostrophe with possessive pronouns: his, hers, its, theirs, ours, yours, whose. They already show possession so they do not require an apostrophe.
Examples:This book is hers, not yours.
Incorrect: Sincerely your's.
RULE 10. The only time an apostrophe is used for it's is when it is a contraction for it is or it has.
Examples: It's a nice day.
It's your right to refuse the invitation.
It's been great getting to know you.
RULE 11. The plurals for capital letters and numbers used as nouns are not formed with apostrophes.
Examples:She consulted with three M.D.s.
BUT
She went to three M.D.s' offices.
The apostrophe is needed here to show plural possessive.
She learned her ABCs.
the 1990s not the 1990's
the '90s or the mid-'70s not the '90's or the mid-'70's
She learned her times tables for 6s and 7s.
Exception: Use apostrophes with capital letters and numbers when the meaning would be unclear otherwise.
Examples: Please dot your i's.
You don't mean is.
Ted couldn't distinguish between her 6's and 0's.
You don't mean Os.
RULE 12. Use the possessive case in front of a gerund (-ing word).
Examples: Alex's skating was a joy to behold.
This does not stop Joan's inspecting of our facilities
next Thursday.
RULE 13. If the gerund has a pronoun in front of it, use the possessive form
of that pronoun.
Examples: I appreciate your inviting me to dinner.
I appreciated his working with me to resolve the conflict.
منابع ازمون کارشناسی ارشد آموزش زبان انگلیسی
توصیه شده توسط دانشگاه تهران و دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی
Language Teaching Methodology
1- Principles of Language Teaching and Learning. Douglas H. Brown
2- Teaching Foreign Language Skills. W.M. Rivers
3- Developing Second Language Skills. K. Chastain
4- Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching. Richards & Rodgers
5- Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. D. L. Freeman
6- Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language. M. Celcia Murcia
7- Tesol Teaching Procedures. Brown and Madson
8- Teaching Language as a Second Language. Panlston and Bruder
9- Fundamental Concepts in Language Teaching. H.H. Stern
10- Second Language Learning and Language Teaching. V. Cook
11- An Introduction to Foreign Language Learning. Johnson
12- Second Language Teaching and Learning. D. Nunan
13- Methodology in Language Teaching. J. Richards
14- A Course in Language Teaching. P. UR
Testing
1- Testing Language Skills, From Theory to Practice. Farhadi, Jafarpour and Birjandi
2- Testing English as a Second Language. D. Harris
3- Writing English Language Tests. Heaton
4- Techniques in Language Testing. Madsen
5- Language Tests at School. J.W. Oller
6- Communicative Language Testing. Weir
7- Testing Language. A. Davis
8- Testing English. D. Baker
9- Fundamental Considerations in Language Testing. L. Bachman
10- Testing for Language Teachers. A. Hughes
Research
1- Research Methods in Applied Linguistics. H. Farhadi
2- Research Designs and Statistics for Applied Linguistics. Hatch and Farhadi
3- Understanding Research in Second Language Learning. James DeanBrown
سومین جشنواره خوشنویسی سیره نبوی وعلوی
از عید قربان تا عید غدیر
در پایتخت خوشنویسی ایران – قزوین
برگزار شد.
http://irapic.com/view/khat-63517.html
UN-BREAK
Don't leave me in all this pain
Don't leave me out in the rain
Come back and bring back my smile
Come and take these tears away
I need your arms to hold me now
The nights are so unkind
Bring back those nights when I held you beside me
Un-break my heart
Say you love me again
Undo this hurt you caused
When you walked out the door
And walked out to my life
Un-cry these tears
I cried so many nights
Un-break my heart
My heart
Take back that sad word good-bye
Bring back the joy to my life
Don't leave me here with these tears
Come and kiss this pain away
I can't forget the day you left
Time is so unkind
And life is so cruel without you here beside me
Un-break my heart
Say you'll love me again
Undo this hurt you caused
When you walked out to the door
And walked out to my life
Un-cry these tears
I cried so many nights
Un-break my heart
My heart
Come back and say you love me
Un-break my heart
Sweet darling
Without you I just can't go on
Can't go on…
Madhu chittella
Hyder abad,
2008.sep.02
افتتاحیه : شنبه 2/6/1387
اختتامیه : شنبه 9/6/1387
نگارخانه مجتمع فرهنگی و هنری ارشاد اسلامی
تصاویر آثار منتخب در ادامه مطلب
Calligraphy Exhibition
You will see more about it.
Coming Soon …
با سلام و درود فراوان خدمت بازدیدکنندگان محترم
بلاخره وقت کردم وبلاگمو آپ کنم ...
جای همتون خالی تبریز خیلی خوش گذشت البته بجز داوری مسابقات خوشنویسی همه چیز عالی بود!!!
دو تا عکس گلابی ( بقول امیرحسین) از ایل گلی تبریز گرفتم ببینید و نظر ندید ...
Hello everybody
To be honest, I didn't speak with my blog's visitors like this,Today is 2nd day of 2nd month of 2nd season of the year ( that's to say : 1387.05.02 ) And my Birthday is 3rd day of 3rd month of 3rd season of the year (now you can guess my birthday!)
Let's go to the point, As the matter of fact, according to the latets report I should go to the
To the best of my knowledge getting the first place depends on the circumstances, What will be will be.
What do you think?
Take a look at this, leave message, too.
I take it you already know
Of tough and bough and cough and dough?
Others may stumble but not you
On hiccough, thorough, lough and through.
Well done! And now you wish, perhaps,
To learn of less familiar traps?
Beware of heard, a dreadful word,
That looks like beard and sounds like bird.
And dead: it's said like bed, not bead-
For goodness sake don't call it 'deed'!
Watch out for meat and great and treat
(They rhyme with suite and straight and debt).
T.S.W.quoted in Mackay (1970)
